211-10-2023 (MANILA) The security landscape in the Philippines is constantly evolving, driven by a range of security challenges that extend beyond geographical boundaries and impact both personal and national levels. This shift in security focus is not unique to the Philippines alone; neighboring states also face similar risks, presenting opportunities for collaboration. Indo-Pacific strategies have been published, diplomatic visits intensified to align national interests, and military exercises conducted to enhance interoperability.
As future risks continue to evolve, security policies and strategies must adapt accordingly. Two areas where personal and national security intertwine prominently emerge: maritime security and cybersecurity.
On a daily basis, individuals face increasing cyber risks as they connect to the Internet and engage in online transactions. Online scams and hacking incidents are prevalent, and concerns about disinformation and misinformation tactics that shape narratives and spread propaganda have grown as more information is shared in the digital space.
At the national level, the National Security Policy 2023-2028 emphasizes the vision of a “free, resilient, peaceful, and prosperous maritime and archipelagic nation.” Under the Marcos Jr. administration, there is a focus on enhancing naval capabilities, with maritime security, as well as cyber, information, and cognitive security, being key agenda items.
Public awareness and participation have played a critical role in recognizing security interests. Issues in the West Philippine Sea have received widespread attention, making headlines on a daily basis. These concerns are not limited to the Philippine military but have also reached a broader audience, both within the country and internationally. Gray zone tactics, which fall into a gray area between peace and war, have become more apparent and their negative impact widely discussed with the aid of new technologies.
Incidents such as swarming, water cannoning, and blocking in the West Philippine Sea, as well as the discovery of lifeless coral reefs and dumped corals, have raised alarm. China’s publication of its 10-dash line map in August has challenged legal claims. The Philippine Navy and the Philippine Coast Guard frequently encounter Chinese vessels, issuing warnings regarding their illegal presence and dangerous maneuvers in Philippine waters.
Recent developments have also led to a change in strategic direction, with a focus on expanding military capabilities. In response to new tactics in the West Philippine Sea, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) has committed to revising its acquisition wish list under Horizon 3 of its Modernization Program. The AFP plans to deploy an anti-submarine helicopter to the area and strengthen the Philippine Coast Guard’s contributions by acquiring 40 new patrol vessels.
Maritime security initiatives can be complemented by cyber defense capabilities and the use of new technologies to monitor and prevent illegal activities, ensuring national sovereignty. Efforts are already underway to secure the digital space, and the AFP is shifting towards cybersecurity with the upcoming launch of the Cyber Security Command, leading to the recruitment of more IT professionals.
Beyond maritime and cyber risks, the Philippines faces ongoing challenges related to food security, climate change, energy security, economic security, and health security, among others. Officials recognize the need to be prepared for all possible scenarios by sharpening their words and boosting capabilities.
Given the geopolitical realities of the Philippines, cooperation among local and national government agencies, the private sector, and civil society organizations is crucial to guaranteeing national security. A whole-of-society approach, united by a commitment to prioritize national interests, can effectively address the shifting security focus in the Philippines.
